1
Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
The American antelope, also known as pronghorn, is a typical grassland animal.
2
Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
Among the millions who saw Halley’s comet in 1986, how many will live long enough to witness its return in the twenty-first century?
3
Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
Anthropologists have found that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally expressed through facial expressions.
4
Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
Due to its irritating effects on humans, phenol has largely been discontinued as a common antiseptic.
5
In order to survive, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
For a profit-making organization to survive, it must ultimately produce something that consumers find useful or desirable.
6
The greater the population in a locality, the greater the need for water, transportation, and waste disposal.
The larger the population in an area, the greater the demand for water, transportation, and waste management.
7
It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to use flowery and vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
Writing simply, directly, and effectively is more challenging than using flowery, vague expressions that obscure meaning.
8
With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
As modern offices become increasingly automated, designers are trying to make them feel more inviting with warmer, less austere interiors.
9
The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
The distinction between libel and slander is that libel is written, while slander is spoken.
10
The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
The knee is the joint where the thigh bone connects with the large bone of the lower leg.
11
Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
Acids are chemical compounds that, when dissolved in water, have a sharp taste, corrode metals, and can turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
12
Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer is based on her ability to infuse emotional depth into her songs.
13
Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
A theory is essentially an abstract, symbolic representation of what is perceived as reality.
14
Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
Long before children can speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and sounds.
15
Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
Due to modern irrigation techniques, crops now flourish in areas where only cacti and sagebrush could previously survive.
16
The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
The advancement of mechanical clocks spurred the quest for more accurate sundials to calibrate them.
17
Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
Anthropology is a science because anthropologists employ a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be verified by others.
18
Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
Fungi play a crucial role in the decay process, returning nutrients to the soil, improving soil fertility, and decomposing animal remains.
19
When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
When struck, a tuning fork produces a nearly pure tone that maintains its pitch over an extended period.
20
Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
While pecans are most abundant in the southeastern United States, they can also be found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
21
Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.
Solving problems by blaming others is commonly referred to as scapegoating.
22
The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
The main foods consumed in any country largely depend on what crops thrive in its climate and soil conditions.
23
Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
In a large number of trials, the probability of an event occurring is equal to the probability of it not occurring.
24
Most substances contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
Most substances contract when frozen, resulting in the solid form being denser than the liquid form.
25
The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
The process by which brain cells store memories is not fully understood.
26
By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.
By the mid-twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States began to have a significant global impact on art.
27
In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
The city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing hub, is located in eastern New Jersey.
28
Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.
Elizabeth Blackwell, the first female medical doctor in the United States, established the New York Infirmary, which has always employed an all-female medical staff.
29
Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.
Alexander Graham Bell once shared with his family that he preferred to be remembered as a teacher of the deaf rather than as the inventor of the telephone.
30
Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.
Due to its leaves staying green long after being harvested, rosemary has become linked with the concept of remembrance.
31
Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
Although bones appear rigid, they possess a degree of elasticity that allows the skeleton to endure significant impact.
32
That xenon could not form chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
Scientists once believed that xenon was incapable of forming chemical compounds.
33
Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.
Studies on storm dynamics aim to enhance the ability to predict these events, thereby minimizing damage and preventing loss of life.
34
The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.
Eliminating inflation would guarantee that the amount of money repaid on a loan would equal the value of the borrowed amount.
35
Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
Futurism, an early twentieth-century art movement, rejected all traditions and sought to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing machinery and motion.
36
One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.
The Everglades is one of the wildest and most remote regions in the United States, where wildlife is plentiful and largely protected.
37
Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.
Lucretia Mott’s impact was so profound that some authorities credit her as the founder of feminism in the United States.
38
The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
The scope of activities for international marketing researchers is often much broader than that of domestic marketers.
39
The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
The continental divide is an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that separates the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific Ocean.
40
Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
Research on the Earth’s gravitational field suggests that its crust and mantle deform under unusual weight.
41
The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.
Utah’s manufacturing output exceeds the combined value of its mining and agriculture.
42
The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
The wallflower is named for its weak stems that often grow on walls and rocky cliffs for support.
43
It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.
Social psychology primarily focuses on the interactions between people rather than the events in their lives.
44
No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
The expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States sparked Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than any other social cause.
45
Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
Quails usually have short, rounded wings that allow them to take flight immediately when startled from their hiding spots.
46
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
Anthropologists suggest that the earliest upright ancestors of humans had facial features similar to those of chimpanzees, including sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
47
Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
It wasn’t until 1866 that the first fully successful transatlantic cable was finally installed.
48
In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.
In his writings, John Crowe Ransom discusses what he views as the spiritual emptiness of society caused by science and technology.
49
Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
Children whose parents provide firm, consistent, and rational guidance tend to exhibit high levels of self-confidence.
50
The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.
The ancient Hopewell people of North America likely cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering remained crucial to their economy.
51
Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map.
Employing various symbols allows for the inclusion of substantial information on a single map.
52
Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.
Anarchism refers to a collection of doctrines and attitudes characterized by the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.
53
Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States than did Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.
Few individuals have influenced the daily lives of most people in the United States more than Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile manufacturing.
54
The use of well-chosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field of language learning.
The careful selection of nonsensical words enables the testing of numerous fundamental hypotheses in language learning.
55
The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with the very first pictures ever made.
The history of painting is a captivating series of events that likely traces back to the very first images ever created.
56
Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls sold individually.
Perfectly matched pearls, when strung into a necklace, fetch a much higher price than the same pearls sold separately.
57
During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became what is now Indiana and Ohio.
In the eighteenth century, Little Turtle served as chief of the Miami tribe, whose territory now encompasses Indiana and Ohio.
58
Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo, some are fully grown at less than a foot high, while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours.
Of the nearly seven hundred species of bamboo, some reach full height at less than one foot, while others can grow three feet in just twenty-four hours.
59
Before starting on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, study the sailing directions, and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.
Before embarking on a sea voyage, cautious navigators study nautical charts, review sailing directions, and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare for any conditions they may face.
60
Of all the economically important plants, palms have been the least studied.
Among economically significant plants, palms have received the least research attention.
61
Buyers and sellers should be aware of new developments in technology that can and do affect marketing activities.
Buyers and sellers should stay informed about new technological developments that can and do impact marketing activities.
62
The application of electronic controls made possible by the microprocessor and computer storage has multiplied the uses of the modern typewriter.
The implementation of electronic controls enabled by microprocessors and computer storage has greatly expanded the functionality of modern typewriters.
63
The human skeleton consists of more than two hundred bones bound together by tough and relatively inelastic connective tissues called ligaments.
The human skeleton comprises over two hundred bones held together by tough, relatively inelastic connective tissues known as ligaments.
64
The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.
The color of a pearl is affected by the type of oyster that produces it, as well as the depth, temperature, and salinity of the water in which the oyster resides.
65
Although mockingbirds superbly mimic the songs and calls of many birds, they can nonetheless be quickly identified as mockingbirds by certain aural clues.
Despite their excellent ability to mimic the songs and calls of various birds, mockingbirds can be quickly identified by specific auditory cues.
66
Not only can walking fish live out of water, but they can also travel short distances over land.
Walking fish can survive out of water and are capable of traveling short distances on land.
67
Scientists do not know why dinosaurs became extinct, but some theories postulate that changes in geography, climate, and sea levels were responsible.
While scientists do not fully understand why dinosaurs became extinct, some theories suggest that changes in geography, climate, and sea levels may have played a role.
68
The science of horticulture, in which the primary concerns are maximum yield and superior quality, utilizes information derived from other sciences.
The field of horticulture, which focuses on maximizing yield and quality, draws upon knowledge from other scientific disciplines.
69
Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the lower ground levels, thereby saving the seeds from freezing.
Snow benefits farmers by insulating the ground, helping to protect seeds from freezing temperatures.
70
Even though the precise qualities of heroes in literary works may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.
While the specific traits of heroes in literature may change over time, their fundamental role as exemplars appears to be consistent.
71
People in prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants and clay into powder and then adding water.
Prehistoric people made paints by grinding materials like plants and clay into powder and mixing them with water.
72
Often very annoying weeds, goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants and act as hosts to many insect pests.
Goldenrods, often considered troublesome weeds, outcompete less resilient plants and serve as hosts for various insect pests.
73
Starting around 7000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere experienced temperatures warmer than at present.
Beginning around 7000 B.C. and lasting for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere experienced warmer temperatures than today.
74
When Henry Ford first sought financial backing for making cars, the very notion of farmers and clerks owning automobiles was considered ridiculous.
When Henry Ford initially sought funding to manufacture cars, the idea of farmers and clerks owning automobiles was deemed absurd.
75
Though once quite large, the population of the bald eagle across North America has drastically declined in the past forty years.
The population of bald eagles in North America, once abundant, has drastically decreased over the past forty years.
76
The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home.
Beavers fell trees to obtain food and materials for constructing their homes.
77
Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck hunting, but the American Kennel Club does not consider them sporting dogs because they are now primarily kept as pets.
Poodles were historically used as retrievers in duck hunting; however, the American Kennel Club does not classify them as sporting dogs because they are now mainly kept as pets.
78
As a result of what is now known in physics and chemistry, scientists have been able to make important discoveries in biology and medicine.
Due to advancements in physics and chemistry, scientists have made significant discoveries in biology and medicine.
79
The practice of making excellent films based on rather obscure novels has been going on so long in the United States as to constitute a tradition.
The tradition of creating outstanding films from relatively obscure novels has been established in the United States for a long time.
80
Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.
As consumers perceive the best fruit to be the most visually appealing, growers must offer products that meet these discerning standards.