Linux: From supercomputers to smartphones. Explore the open-source operating system that drives innovation. Learn about popular distributions such as Ubuntu and Fedora. Understand why Linux is important.
Translated from Introduction to Linux Operating System, by TNS Staff.
What is Linux?
Linux is a free and open-source operating system used by millions of desktop computers around the world, and it is also the backbone of the internet, cloud computing, servers, supercomputers, smartphones, smart devices, and more. The foundation of the Linux operating system is the Linux kernel, initially created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. Unlike closed systems like Microsoft Windows, Linux allows anyone to download and view all the code from the kernel to user applications. This model fosters a thriving development community around access and enables businesses to use the code and give back to the global open-source team.
The Evolution of the Linux Operating System
Linux has evolved from a hobby project by a Finnish student into a powerful system that drives a significant portion of the internet’s backbone. Individuals and companies such as the Free Software Foundation, Red Hat, and Canonical have played a role in its development. This growth has led to the emergence of distributions—versions of the operating system tailored for specific purposes, as well as more general desktop distributions such as Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian.
The Role of Linux in Computing
The role of Linux in computing cannot be overstated. Its reputation for stability, security, and versatility makes it the preferred choice for systems and development environments. Linux supports a variety of hardware and network settings, proving suitable for various applications, whether running web servers, managing cloud environments, developing, or handling complex cluster deployments.
The open-source nature of Linux creates an environment for innovation. Developers have unrestricted access to the kernel source code, allowing them to adjust, optimize, and enhance the system based on their operational requirements and preferences. This accessibility also fosters a variety of software and tools that contribute to making Linux the cornerstone of computing.
The Linux Kernel: The Core of the Operating System
The Linux kernel is part of the Linux operating system, responsible for resource management and hardware operations, such as memory allocation and device management. It acts as a connection point between applications and the underlying hardware processes. Unlike the hybrid kernel approach of Windows NT, Linux uses a kernel that integrates all functions into a unified entity. This architecture enhances performance and provides the hardware access needed for efficient computing activities. With the modular approach of the Linux kernel, users and administrators can add or remove modules as needed to extend functionality or even enhance security.
Open-Source Operating Systems: A Collaborative Framework
The Linux kernel and distributions are distributed under open-source licenses, meaning the source code is available for developers to view, modify, and share. This openness encourages improvements and collaboration from developers around the globe. The transparency of the open-source principles enhances system security by inviting scrutiny and drives innovation through the utilization of shared knowledge and skills.
Comparing Linux with Other Operating Systems
Linux is often compared to operating systems like UNIX and Windows. While Linux originated from UNIX, it stands out as a free option inspired by the GNU project led by Richard Stallman. Unlike proprietary systems like Windows, Linux offers a wide range of customization options and control for developers and users, which is crucial for optimizing systems based on unique performance or security requirements. Additionally, Linux’s efficient command-line interface (CLI) serves as a resource for managing systems, creating flexible scripts, and allowing users direct access to advanced features.
Popular Linux Distributions
An Overview of Major Linux Distributions
Linux distributions, commonly referred to as