Installation of Kingbase Database on Linux

1. Download the installation package:

Official download address for Kingbase Database:

https://www.kingbase.com.cn/download.html

Download the corresponding version based on your server’s system version.

2. Check hardware configuration. Memory should be above 512M, and there should be more than 11G of free space on the hard drive. You can check the relevant configuration using the commands (free -m) and (df -hl). As shown in the figure:

3. Configure kernel parametersOfficial note: To avoid issues during the installation and use of KingbaseES, it is necessary to check and set kernel parameters. The commands to check the kernel parameters are as follows:

Parameter	Check Command
semmsl, semmns, semopm, and semmni	/sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem
shmall, shmmax, and shmmni	/sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm
file-max	/sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max
ip_local_port_range	/sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
rmem_default	/sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default
rmem_max	/sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max
wmem_default	/sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default
wmem_max	/sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max
aio-max-nr	/sbin/sysctl -a | grep aio-max-nr
tcp_wmem	/sbin/sysctl -a | grep tcp_wmem
tcp_rmem	/sbin/sysctl -a | grep tcp_rmem

Reference values for kernel parameters are as follows:

Parameter	Reference Value	Location
semmsl	250	/proc/sys/kernel/sem
semmns	32000
semopm	100
semmni	128
shmall	2097152	/proc/sys/kernel/shmall
shmmax	Minimum: 536870912 Maximum: Physical memory value minus 1 byte Recommendation: Greater than half of physical memory	/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
shmmni	4096	/proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
file-max	6815744	/proc/sys/fs/file-max
aio-max-nr	1048576 Note: This parameter limits the number of concurrent requests. It should be set to avoid failures in the IO subsystem.	/proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr
ip_local_port_range	Minimum: 9000 Maximum: 65500	/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range
rmem_default	262144	/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default
rmem_max	4194304	/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
wmem_default	262144	/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default
wmem_max	1048576	/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max

If the kernel parameters do not match the reference values, you can modify the parameters by editing the /etc/sysctl.conf file as follows:

fs.aio-max-nr= 1048576

fs.file-max= 6815744

kernel.shmall= 2097152

kernel.shmmax= 4294967295

kernel.shmmni= 4096

kernel.sem= 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default= 262144

net.core.rmem_max= 4194304

net.core.wmem_default= 262144

net.core.wmem_max= 1048576

After modifying the kernel parameters, restart the Linux system and check if the modifications are correct by entering the following commands:

/sbin/sysctl -p

/sbin/sysctl -a

4. Resource usage parameter configuration

The Linux resource limit configuration file is /etc/security/limits.conf. Limiting the number of resources that users can use is very important for system stability. Adjusting resource limits can improve system performance. The limits.conf file is as follows:

Where soft is a warning value, and hard is the actual threshold. If exceeded, the system will report an error. Generally, both are set to the same value. It is usually sufficient to keep the default values from the system installation. Configurable resources include the following types:

Resource Item	Meaning
core	Kernel file size (KB)
data	Maximum data size (KB)
fsize	Maximum file size (KB)
memlock	Maximum locked memory address space (KB)
nofile	Maximum number of open file descriptors
rss	Maximum persistent set size (KB)
stack	Maximum stack size (KB)
cpu	Maximum CPU time (minutes)
noproc	Maximum number of processes
as	Address space limit (KB)
maxlogins	Maximum number of logins per user
maxsyslogins	Maximum number of logins on the system
priority	Priority of running user processes
locks	Maximum number of file locks a user can hold
sigpending	Maximum number of pending signals
msgqueue	Maximum memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
nice	Maximum nice priority that can be raised
rtprio	Maximum real-time priority

Parameters nofile, noproc, and core can be modified to the following values:

# * indicates all users, can set only for root and kingbase users

* soft nofile 65536

# Note: The hard limit for nofile cannot exceed /proc/sys/fs/nr_open, otherwise, you will not be able to log in normally after logging out

* hard nofile 65535

* soft nproc 65536

* hard nproc 65535

# unlimited indicates no limit

* soft core unlimited

* hard core unlimited

5. Remove the RemoveIPC parameter

This is a feature introduced in the systemd-logind service, which deletes all related IPC objects when a user logs out of the system. This feature is controlled by the RemoveIPC parameter in the /etc/systemd/logind.conf file. Some operating systems have this enabled by default, which can cause issues such as signal loss in programs (only Red Hat 7 and above and some special domestic Linux versions need to be modified; check if this is set to yes by default). Set RemoveIPC=no. After setting, restart the service:

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl restart systemd-logind.service

6. Create an installation user

Before the official installation, create a new user named kingbase as a dedicated system user for KingbaseES (Creating a dedicated user can mitigate risks. If there are vulnerabilities in the database or the process is attacked, it can prevent the attacker from compromising the entire system).Additionally, the installation user must have “read”, “write”, and “execute” permissions for the installation path.

(1) Create the user by entering the command (useradd -m kingbase), as shown below:

-m: Automatically create the user’s home directory (default is /home/kingbase)

(2) Change the user password by entering the command (passwd kingbase), then enter the password twice. As shown below:

7. Installation Directory

(1) Default installation directory

The default installation directory for KingbaseES is /opt/Kingbase/ES/V9. If it does not exist, use the root user to create this directory first and grant the kingbase user read and write permissions for this directory. Enter the following commands, as shown below:

mkdir /opt/Kingbase

mkdir /opt/Kingbase/ES

mkdir /opt/Kingbase/ES/V9

chmod o+rwx /opt/Kingbase/ES/V9

(2) Custom installation directory

You can customize the installation path. For example, if the custom installation path is /home/kingbase/kdb, create the directory using the kingbase user by entering the following commands, as shown below:

su – kingbase

mkdir /home/kingbase/kdb

8. Data Directory

The data directory is where the data files are stored in KingbaseES, and by default, it is located in the data directory under the installation directory. It can also be set separately from the installation directory. You can set the data directory path based on the data volume of the business system, for example, initializing the data directory on the local hard drive or mounting it on a disk array. Enter the command (mkdir /opt/Kingbase/ES/V9/data) to create the data directory, as shown below:

This step can be skipped; you can create the data directory when prompted during the installation process.

9. Install the Database

(1) Mount the installation package

The installation package in ISO format needs to be mounted before use. Mounting the ISO file requires root user privileges. For example, if the mount directory is the same level as the ISO file, run the following command to mount it, as shown below:

mount KingbaseES_V009R003C011_Lin64_install.iso ./KingbaseESV9

After mounting, you can see the setup directory and the setup.sh script in the directory.

(2) Unmount the installation package

Enter the command (umount ./KingbaseESV9) to unmount.

(3) Command line installation

Start the installation program. The command line installation supports prompts in both Chinese and English. The prompts will display in the corresponding language based on the operating system’s language settings. To check the operating system’s language settings, enter the command (

echo $LANG), as shown below:

If the system displays a value containing “zh_CN”, it indicates the Chinese language, and the installation program will display content in Chinese. Otherwise, enter the command (export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8) to change the language setting to Chinese.

Next, begin the command line installation process. Navigate to the directory where the setup.sh script is located and enter the command (sh setup.sh -i console) as the kingbase user. After executing the command, the installation program will start, as shown below:

• Introduction, press <Enter> to proceed to the next step, as shown below:

• License agreement, press “Y” to accept the terms of this agreement, as shown below:

• Installation set, select the installation set. The default value is a full installation. Press <Enter> to proceed to the next step, as shown below:

Full installation: Includes database server, high availability components, interfaces, database development management tools, database migration tools, and database deployment tools.

Client installation: Includes interfaces, database development management tools, database migration tools, and database deployment tools.

Custom installation: Freely select from all components including database server, high availability components, interfaces, database development management tools, database migration tools, and database deployment tools.

• Authorization file, select the authorization file. If there is no authorization file, press <Enter> to proceed to the next step. The default will select the applicable version authorization, as shown below:

  

• Select installation folder, enter the directory, and press <Enter> to proceed to the next step. The default selection is the default directory (/opt/Kingbase/ES/V9), as shown below:

  

  If there are files in the directory, press <Enter> to confirm the overwrite. The default value is confirmation, as shown below:

  

• Pre-installation summary, displays a summary of the product installation. Press <Enter> to proceed to the next step, as shown below:

  

• Installation confirmation, press <Enter> to proceed to the next step, as shown below:

  

• Database data directory, select the storage directory for the database data. The default is the data directory under the database installation directory. Press <Enter> to proceed to the next step, as shown below:

  Initialize database parameters, the following are the descriptions of each parameter:

• The default port is: 54321 (customizable)

• The default account is: system (customizable)

• Password (customizable)

• The default character set encoding is: GBK (options: default, UTF8, GB2312, GB18030)

• Locale, optional values will change with character set encoding options.

  (a) When the character set encoding is default, the default locale value is: default (optional C)

  (b) When the character set encoding is UTF8, the default locale value is: zh_CN.UTF-8 (optional en_US.UTF-8, C)

  (c) When the character set encoding is GBK, the default locale value is: zh_CN.GBK (optional C)

  (d) When the character set encoding is GB2312, the default locale value is: zh_CN.GB2312 (optional C)

  (e) When the character set encoding is GB18030, the default locale value is: zh_CN.GB18030 (optional C)

• The default case sensitivity is: yes (optional no)

• The default block size is: 8k (options: 16k, 32k)

• The default authentication method is scram-sha-256 (options: scram-sm3, sm4, sm3)

• Custom parameters (customizable), you can freely enter any value as initialization parameters for the database

Port, as shown below:

Account, as shown below:

Password, as shown below:

Character set, as shown below:

Locale, as shown below:

Compatibility mode, as shown below:

Case sensitivity, as shown below:

Storage block, as shown below:

Authentication method, as shown below:

Custom parameters, as shown below:

Finally, press <Enter> to exit the installation.

The database installation is now complete.

10. Register as a system serviceAfter installing and initializing the database, execute the root.sh script to register and start the database service. The steps are as follows:(1) Open a new terminal(2) Switch to the root user(3) Run${installation_directory}/install/script/root.sh .

After successful registration, if you want to start or stop the database service, navigate to the ${installation_directory}/Server/bin directory and execute the following commands:

(1) Start the service

sys_ctl -w start -D ${data_directory} -l “${data_directory}/sys_log/startup.log”

(2) Stop the service

sys_ctl stop -m fast -w -D ${data_directory}