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C: Procedural-oriented, syntax is too complicated
C#: Object-oriented (very similar to Java; if you understand Java, you will probably grasp the differences between C and C#), it is one of the mainstays of the MS .NET framework, its code runs safely, has no pointers, and has a garbage collection mechanism like Java.
There is basically no difference in syntax; personally, I feel that C# does not require too much research on pointers, and other differences are quite significant. It can be said that they are not in the same direction.
Development environment and programming language are also two different concepts
Learning C# does not require a foundation in C language; however, if you have learned C language, it will be much easier, as there are many similarities in syntax. As a beginner, there is no need to learn C language first; you just need a complete tutorial for C#.
For example, if you want to learn to drive a luxury car, you do not need to learn to drive a low-end van first. But if you already know how to drive a van, then learning to drive a luxury car will definitely be easier because they have many similarities.
C language is a widely popular and promising high-level programming language internationally. It is suitable as a system description language, which can be used to write system software as well as application software.
Early operating systems and other system software were mainly written in assembly language (including the UNIX operating system). Since assembly language is hardware-dependent, its readability and portability are relatively poor. To improve readability and portability, it is best to switch to a high-level language, but general high-level languages are difficult to implement certain functions of assembly language (assembly language can directly operate hardware), such as: operations on memory addresses, bit operations, etc. People wondered if it was possible to find a language that has the characteristics of both general high-level languages and low-level languages, combining their advantages. Thus, the C language was born.
The C language developed based on the B language, and its roots can be traced back to ALGOL 60. ALGOL 60, which appeared in 1960, is a problem-oriented high-level language, which is relatively far from hardware and not suitable for writing system programs. In 1963, the University of Cambridge in the UK launched the CPL (Combined Programming Language).
The CPL language, based on ALGOL 60, approached hardware somewhat but was large in scale and difficult to implement. In 1967, Martin Richards from the University of Cambridge simplified the CPL language and introduced the BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language). In 1970, Ken Thompson from Bell Labs further simplified the BCPL language and designed the very simple and hardware-near B language (taking the first letter of BCPL), and used the B language to write the first UNIX operating system, implemented on the PDP-7.
In 1971, the B language was implemented on the PDP-11/20, and the UNIX operating system was written. However, the B language was too simple and had limited functionality. Between 1972 and 1973, D.M. Ritchie from Bell Labs designed the C language based on the B language (taking the second letter of BCPL). The C language retains the advantages of BCPL and B languages (concise, close to hardware) while overcoming their disadvantages (too simple, untyped data, etc.).
The original C language was designed only to provide a working language for describing and implementing the UNIX operating system. In 1973, K. Thompson and D.M. Ritchie collaborated to rewrite over 90% of UNIX in C (UNIX version 5). The original UNIX operating system was developed in 1969 by K. Thompson and D.M. Ritchie from Bell Labs and was written in assembly language.
Later, the C language underwent multiple improvements, but it was mainly used internally at Bell Labs. It was not until the release of UNIX version 6 in 1975 that the outstanding advantages of the C language attracted widespread attention. In 1977, a C language compilation text that did not depend on specific machines was published, greatly simplifying the work of porting C to other machines, which also promoted the rapid implementation of the UNIX operating system on various machines. For example, VAX, AT&T, and other computer systems successively developed UNIX. With the increasing use of UNIX, the C language also rapidly gained popularity. The C language and UNIX can be said to be twin brothers, complementing each other in the development process. After 1978, the C language was successively ported to large, medium, small, and microcomputers and became independent of UNIX and PDP. Now, the C language has become one of the most widely used computer languages in the world.
Based on the C compiler program published in UNIX version 7 in 1978, Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie (collectively known as K&R) co-authored the influential classic “The C Programming Language”, which introduced a version of C language that became the basis for the widely used C language versions later, known as standard C. In 1983, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) established a new standard called ANSI C based on the various versions of C that emerged since its inception. ANSI C has seen significant development compared to the original standard C. K&R revised their classic work “The C Programming Language” in 1988 according to the ANSI C standard. In 1987, ANSI C announced a new standard – 87 ANSI C. Currently, popular C compiler systems are based on it.
C# is a programming language designed by Microsoft. It is loosely based on C/C++ and has many similarities to Java. Microsoft describes C# as: “C# is a simple, modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language derived from C and C++. C# (pronounced ‘C sharp’) is primarily ported from the C/C++ programming language family, and C and C++ programmers will find it familiar right away. C# attempts to combine the rapid development capabilities of Visual Basic with the powerful flexibility of C++.”
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