1
Spinach is available all year round, but it is best in spring, with its red roots and green leaves, exceptionally tender and delicious. Spinach that comes to market in spring is beneficial for detoxification and preventing dryness. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that spinach is sweet and cool in nature, capable of nourishing blood, stopping bleeding, consolidating yin, and moistening dryness. Due to its high oxalic acid content, which hinders the body’s absorption of calcium and iron, it is advisable to blanch spinach in boiling water before stir-frying.
Which of the following judgments, if true, best supports the above argument?
A. Spring spinach is more delicious than winter spinach.
B. Adding a little white wine when stir-frying spinach can reduce the astringency of oxalic acid and add a fragrant aroma.
C. Consuming foods high in oxalic acid significantly increases the oxalic acid content in urine, which may increase the risk of urinary stones.
D. Oxalic acid easily dissolves in boiling water.
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[Answer] D. Explanation: The premise states that “spinach contains a lot of oxalic acid, which hinders the body’s absorption of calcium and iron,” leading to the conclusion that “spinach should be blanched in boiling water before stir-frying.” Option D establishes a connection between the premise and conclusion, namely that “oxalic acid can dissolve in boiling water,” directly supporting the argument. Options A, B, and C are unrelated to the argument. Therefore, the answer is D.
2
The physicist Fermi proposed a famous “Fermi Paradox”: assuming that extraterrestrial intelligent life truly exists in the Milky Way, considering the ancient age of the galaxy and other factors, they should have visited Earth long ago; yet, the fact is that when we look up at the starry sky, we face the so-called “Great Silence”—the universe is peaceful and silent.
Which of the following judgments, if true, cannot explain the “Fermi Paradox”?
A. Our Earth civilization may not have reached the level to discover extraterrestrial intelligent life.
B. There is currently a lack of direct observations of extraterrestrial intelligent life.
C. Extraterrestrial intelligent life has created many mysterious “UFO events” on Earth.
D. Extraterrestrial intelligent civilizations may have achieved “greening” and have cleverly blended into the galactic background.
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[Answer] C. Explanation: The contradiction in the premise can be summarized as ① if there is extraterrestrial life, they should have visited Earth and ② we have not observed extraterrestrial life. Options A and B indicate that human observational technology is insufficient to see extraterrestrial life; option D suggests that extraterrestrial life is good at concealing its existence, so humans cannot observe it. All three can explain the contradiction in the premise. Option C’s UFO can be understood as having already observed extraterrestrial life, which differs from premise ② and cannot explain the contradiction. Therefore, the answer is C.
3
In order to improve their academic performance, a class of students insisted on studying in the classroom even when they were sick, but none of the students from that class were admitted to key universities in the college entrance examination. This shows that long study hours lead to poor exam results.
Which of the following, if true, most weakens the above argument?
A. If they did not insist on studying, the class’s exam results might have been even worse.
B. The students in that class have a good attitude towards studying.
C. Resting when sick does not affect exam results.
D. The students in that class performed poorly in the exam.
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[Answer] A. Explanation: The premise concludes that long study hours lead to poor exam results based on the fact that no one from the class was admitted to key universities despite studying for long hours while sick. If option A is true, it indicates that long study hours led to improved exam results, directly weakening the premise. Options B and C strengthen the premise; option D is an “other reason” but does not negate the negative impact of long study hours. Therefore, the answer is A.
4
Aside from a few remaining bricks found at Site 1, very few bricks have been discovered at the Tiger Mountain Great Wall ruins, and there is no evidence that bricks from the Great Wall have been used for residential buildings in Tiger Mountain village and nearby villages. Therefore, it can be inferred that the bricks used in the Tiger Mountain Great Wall are very few.
What implicit assumption does the above inference still need?
A. The local county records state that the Tiger Mountain Great Wall was built with rammed earth.
B. No ancient brick kilns have been found near the Tiger Mountain Great Wall ruins.
C. The terrain here is steep, making it difficult to transport bricks in and out.
D. The soil quality here is very poor, making it unsuitable for firing bricks for the Great Wall.
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[Answer] C. Explanation: The argument is that the bricks used in the Tiger Mountain Great Wall are very few. The basis for this is that very few remaining bricks have been found, and there is no evidence of using bricks for residential buildings in nearby villages. To support the argument, it is necessary to rule out other influencing factors, namely ensuring that the bricks would not be transported away; otherwise, the argument cannot be established. Therefore, option C is a necessary assumption for the argument to hold. Option A, if true, would support the argument, but even if option A is false, it does not affect the argument’s validity, so option A is not a necessary assumption; options B and D are also not implicit assumptions of the argument.
5
The North Siberian Arctic continental shelf is rich in methane. When the Earth is in a cold period, this continental shelf becomes a frozen Arctic coastal plain, preventing methane from leaking out. As the Earth’s temperature rises and sea levels rise, this continental shelf is submerged by seawater. In deep water, methane oxidizes into carbon dioxide and then escapes to the surface. In shallower waters, a large amount of methane does not have enough time to oxidize and escapes directly into the atmosphere, significantly impacting global climate.
If the following statements are true, which one most questions the above conclusion?
A. The methane content in the deep water of the North Siberian Arctic continental shelf is higher than in shallow water.
B. Recent studies indicate that the North Siberian region is entering a new cold period.
C. There is no linear relationship between water depth and methane oxidation into carbon dioxide.
D. Recent studies indicate that the greenhouse effect caused by methane is not greater than that of carbon dioxide.
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[Answer] D. Explanation: The argument states that a large amount of methane in shallower waters does not have enough time to oxidize and escapes directly into the atmosphere, thus significantly impacting global climate. Option D points out that the greenhouse effect caused by methane is not greater than that of carbon dioxide, thus it cannot be concluded that it will have a greater impact on global climate. Option C’s linear relationship does not have an absolute relationship with the amount of oxidation; option A somewhat supports the argument; option B is irrelevant. Therefore, the answer is D.
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