Conditional Control in C Language

Conditional control in C language allows programs to execute different blocks of code based on various conditions. The main conditional control statements are:if statement, if-else statement, if-else if-else statement, switch statement, and the ternary operator (?:)..

1. if statement

#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {    int age = 20;        if (age >= 18) {        // Develop the habit of using {} even for a single line        printf("Adult\n");    }
    return 0;}

2. if – else statement

#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {    int age = 16;        if (age >= 18) {        printf("Adult\n");    } else {        printf("Minor\n");    }
    return 0;}

3. if – else if – else statement

#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {    int age = 12;
    // Condition checking starts from the first if; if the condition is met,    // the subsequent ones will not be executed.    if (age > 6) {        printf("Age is greater than 6\n");    } else if (age <=18) { // This condition will not execute even if met                           // Because age > 6 has already been satisfied.        printf("Age is less than 18\n");    } else {        printf("Other ages\n");    }

Execution result:

Age is greater than 6

4. switch statementSimilar to if statements, but more concise.

Each case usually requires abreak
The default branch is optional
Case must be an integer constant expression

#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {    int day = 3;        switch (day) {        case 1: // Must be an integer constant            printf("Monday\n");            break;        case 2:            printf("Tuesday\n");            break;        case 3:            printf("Wednesday\n");        // For example, if break is forgotten here, it means that after case 3 ends, it will also go to case 4        // Equivalent to if ( case 3 or case 4)        case 4:            printf("Thursday\n");            break;        case 5:            printf("Friday\n");            break;        case 6:            printf("Saturday\n");            break;        case 7:            printf("Sunday\n");            break;        // Handling for cases not met before default, as needed, is not mandatory.        default:            printf("Invalid day\n");    }        return 0;}

Output result:

Wednesday

Thursday

5. Ternary operator (?:) This is a simplified expression of the if-else statement.

#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {    // Develop the habit of initializing values when defining variables    int a = 10;    int b = 20;    int max = 0;
    /*    Using the ternary operator    Equivalent to        if (a > b) {            max = a;        } else {            max = b;        }    */    max = (a > b) ? a : b;    printf("The larger number is: %d\n", max);        return 0;}

Output result:

The larger number is: 20

The if statement can be combined with logical operators (&& || !) for multiple conditions.Logical operatorsReference:C Language Operators

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