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Operating SystemsNational Enrollment for Upgrading | Computer Knowledge Points
Overview of Operating Systems
An operating system is a type of system software that controls and manages the hardware and software resources of a computer system, controls program execution, improves human-computer interaction, organizes the workflow of the computer reasonably, and provides a good operating environment for users to use the computer.
1、
Functions of Operating Systems
(1) Processor Management
(2) Storage Management
(3) Device Management
(4) File Management
(5) Job Management
2、
Main Differences Between Programs and Processes
① A program refers to a program file stored in external storage, which is a static concept; a process describes the dynamic behavior of a program during execution, which is a dynamic concept.
② A program is a file stored in external storage that can be preserved long-term independently of the machine; the life of a process is temporary; once the program execution is complete, the process no longer exists.
③ There is no one-to-one correspondence between programs and processes; a program can be executed multiple times, resulting in multiple different processes.
Main Features of Operating Systems
(1) Concurrency
(2) Sharing
(3) Virtualization
(4) Asynchrony
1、
Classification of Operating Systems
Currently, there are many types of operating systems, making it difficult to unify classification with a single standard. Common classification criteria include the following.
(1) Classification by Function
① Batch Processing Operating Systems;
② Time-Sharing Operating Systems;
③ Real-Time Operating Systems;
④ Embedded Operating Systems;
⑤ Network Operating Systems;
⑥ Distributed Operating Systems.
(2) Classification by User Interface
We generally classify operating systems into Command-Line User Interface Operating Systems and Graphical User Interface Operating Systems.
(3) Classification by Supported Number of Users
We generally classify operating systems into Single-User Operating Systems and Multi-User Operating Systems.
(4) Classification by Ability to Run Multiple Tasks Simultaneously
We generally classify operating systems into Single-Task Operating Systems and Multi-Task Operating Systems..
Common Computer Operating Systems
Throughout the development of computers, many types of operating systems have emerged, among which the most commonly used include DOS, Windows, UNIX, Linux, and Mac OS.
* The currently popular smartphones are essentially computers with independent operating systems. Common smartphone operating systems includeiOS and Android.
iOS Operating System: iOS is a handheld device operating system developed by Apple Inc. iOS is a commercial operating system similar to UNIX, featuring a user-friendly interface, powerful functionality, and exceptional stability, making it a strong foundation for iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.
Android Operating System: Android is a free and open-source operating system based on Linux, primarily used for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, developed and led by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. Android has gradually expanded into other fields, including televisions, digital cameras, and game consoles.
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