Comparison of Display Technologies: LCD, OLED, Mini LED, and Micro LED

Professor Wu Shicong, of Taiwanese descent, who works at the University of Central Florida’s College of Optics and Photonics, recently led his research team to publish a comparative study on display technologies such as LCD, OLED, Mini LED, and Micro LED. The study comprehensively analyzes self-emissive Mini LED, Micro LED, and OLED displays, as well as Mini LED backlit LCDs, evaluating their power consumption, contrast ratio, and systematically examining their dynamic range, dynamic response time, wide color gamut, as well as the applicability of transparent and flexible displays.

The research points out that different types of display technologies have their strengths and challenges. Traditional LCD displays have advantages in longevity and low cost, but are limited in contrast and flexibility. OLED display technology significantly improves contrast and is thinner and lighter, but has a short lifespan and burn-in issues. Both Mini LED and Micro LED have high luminosity, long lifespan, and compatibility with flexible and transparent display applications, but as chip sizes shrink, whether they can achieve expected display performance in high-resolution AR and VR displays remains a significant issue, not to mention lower manufacturing yields and higher costs.

By comparing and analyzing the characteristics and challenges of these display technologies, the researchers hope to further understand the fundamental limitations of different technologies, thereby developing various breakthroughs to overcome difficulties. They also continue to focus on discovering new materials and equipment to continuously optimize these display technologies.

Analysis of various display technologies; Image source: Wu Shicong et al.

The study also emphasizes several important display performance indicators, including high dynamics and contrast, high resolution, wide color gamut, wide viewing angles, minimal color shift at angles, fast dynamic response time, low energy consumption, thin and light structure, and low cost.

After a comprehensive comparison, the study points out that these different display technologies can almost all meet the standards in the above indicators, with trade-offs. For Mini LED backlit displays, achieving HDR brightness and high contrast requires careful management of the heat dissipation mechanism, while OLED has to sacrifice lifespan. Non-self-emissive LCDs are less suitable for transparent displays. For self-emissive Mini LED, Micro LED, and OLED, display efficiency and contrast are closely related to chip size. The efficiency of self-emissive Mini LED and Micro LED displays is three times higher than other technologies.

In the coming years, researchers believe OLED will continue to grow in the smartphone market, while Mini LED backlit displays will gradually increase their penetration in the tablet, gaming laptop, monitor, and television markets as technology matures. In the near future, as price acceptance increases, self-emissive Mini LED and Micro LED displays will gradually move into the core position of the market.

This analytical study was published in Light: Science & Applications, titled “Mini-LED, Micro-LED and OLED displays: present status and future perspectives.”

Source: LEDinside

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2020 TrendForce New Display Industry Seminar China · Shenzhen

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