Difference Between & and && in C Language

& and && can both be used as logical AND operators, representing logical conjunction (and). The entire result is true only when the results of the expressions on both sides of the operator are true; otherwise, if either side is false, the result is false. && also has a short-circuit feature, meaning that if the … Read more

C Language Operators and Priority Misconceptions

C Language Operators and Priority Misconceptions

Introduction: Many people believe that priority represents the order of operations, influenced by mathematics or everyday life, making them sensitive to this term. Isn’t priority just about who gets processed first? However, in C language, it is not quite the case. Priority only determines the order of association in expressions, not the order of operations! … Read more

Differences in Classification of TP53-MDS, MDS/AML, and AML by WHO and ICC

Differences in Classification of TP53-MDS, MDS/AML, and AML by WHO and ICC

Image Source: Xiao W, Nardi V, Stein E, Hasserjian RP. A practical approach on the classifications of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: WHO and ICC. J Hematol Oncol. 2024;17(1):56. Published 2024 Jul 29. For TP53 positive MDS, MDS/AML, and AML, the requirements for TP53 mutations differ, leading to the discrepancies in classifications of TP53 positive … Read more

Efficient Learning Methods for Armv8/Armv9 Architecture

Efficient Learning Methods for Armv8/Armv9 Architecture

Learning Methods Scan to FollowLearn Embedded Together, learn and grow together Learning the Arm architecture versions v8 and v9 requires a deep understanding of several key concepts and mechanisms, including GIC (interrupt controller), exception handling, MMU (memory management unit), memory management, cache, TrustZone security architecture, security, and exclusive mechanisms. Here is an efficient learning method … Read more

Systematic Mastery of Armv8/Armv9 Architecture

Systematic Mastery of Armv8/Armv9 Architecture

Learning Method Learning the Arm architecture versions v8 and v9 requires a deep understanding of several key concepts and mechanisms, including GIC (Interrupt Controller), exception handling, MMU (Memory Management Unit), memory management, caching, TrustZone security architecture, security features, and the exclusive mechanism. Below is an efficient learning method that covers these important topics: Establish a … Read more

ARMv8/v9 GIC Interrupt Handling: Priority, Preemption, and Nesting

ARMv8/v9 GIC Interrupt Handling: Priority, Preemption, and Nesting

ver0.3 Introduction In previous articles, we introduced the ARM architecture’s interrupt controller GIC, which maintains a state machine for each interrupt signal. This interrupt state machine supports four states: Inactive, Pending, Active, and Active and Pending. The GIC maintains the status of each signal through internal registers and performs state transitions under relevant trigger conditions. … Read more

ARMv8/v9 GIC-LPIs Interrupt Architecture and Mechanism

ARMv8/v9 GIC-LPIs Interrupt Architecture and Mechanism

ver0.2 Introduction Previously, we introduced the core content of the General Interrupt Controller (GIC), an important component in the ARM architecture. Through a series of preceding articles, we elaborated on the system architecture of GIC, core components, interrupt types, interrupt signal routing mechanisms, state machine management, interrupt priorities, and other fundamental concepts. We believe that … Read more

ARM Documentation Series: GIC

ARM Documentation Series: GIC

Half-Watt’s ARM series articles: • ARM Documentation Series Part One: System Software Engineers View on ARM • ARM Documentation Series Part Two: ARM CPU Documentation • ARM Documentation Series Part Three: ARM CPU TRM – Taking Cortex-A76 as an Example • ARM Documentation Series Part Four: CoreSight Architecture and TRM • How to Play with … Read more

A SoC Earns an Extra $0.75! Cash Flow Limit Calculation of Amlogic’s 12nm Moat

A SoC Earns an Extra $0.75! Cash Flow Limit Calculation of Amlogic's 12nm Moat

Amlogic Co., Ltd. (688099) First Principle Investment Value Analysis ★ Reconstructing valuation logic from a “physically/commercially atomic-level perspective that cannot be further disassembled.” ” 1. First Principle Framework: From “Information Entropy Reduction” to “Cash Flow Discounting” Level First Principle Proposition Derivation Mapping to Amlogic Physical Layer Any business activity is a process of energy and … Read more

Wi-Fi 8: A New Era of Ultra High Reliability (UHR) Connections

Wi-Fi 8: A New Era of Ultra High Reliability (UHR) Connections

As British author Charles Dickens wrote at the beginning of “A Tale of Two Cities”: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.” This statement, if applied to the current state of the Wi-Fi market, is surprisingly similar. How so? Wi-Fi has undergone more than 20 years of iterations since its … Read more