◆ Humanity has entered the era of robots, and robots are an important part of human production and life. In the early years, the United Nations Standardization Organization adopted the definition of robots provided by the American Robotics Association: “A programmable and multifunctional manipulator; or a specialized system that can be changed and programmed by a computer to perform different tasks.”
◆ The Heilongjiang Province Robotics Sports Association will introduce various types of robots in the “Robot Science Popularization Museum” series of articles, popularizing specialized knowledge about robots.
Multirotor Drones (Part 11)
Basic Structure of Multirotor Drones
The simplest and most direct way to understand the basic structure of a multirotor drone is to purchase a DIY kit for a quadcopter and assemble a drone yourself.
Upon opening the kit, you will find that the structure of the drone is not overly complex. Its “body” mainly consists of five parts: 1 quadcopter frame (referred to as the frame), 4 brushless motors, 4 electronic speed controllers (ESC), 2 pairs of propellers (also known as blades), and 1 quadcopter flight control board (referred to as the flight control board). In addition, there are supporting devices such as a battery, remote control, and charger.
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The frame of the multirotor drone is the flight carrier of the entire flight system. It is generally made of materials that are strong yet lightweight, such as carbon fiber, fiberglass, aluminum, and engineering plastics, with carbon fiber being the most commonly used material.
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The power of the drone is provided by the motor. Motors are divided into brushed and brushless types, with brushless motors being simple in structure, low in interference, and having a long lifespan, which is why multirotor drones use brushless motors. The larger the input current provided to the motor, the higher its speed and the greater the power generated. By adjusting the current, the motor’s speed can be changed.
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Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)
The role of the ESC is to convert the control signals from the flight control board into varying current to control the speed of the motor. Additionally, the ESC also acts during voltage changes, converting the 11.1 volts provided by the battery into 5 volts to power the flight control board and the receiver of the remote control.
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The motor drives the propeller to rotate at high speed, providing the energy and lift required for flight. Propellers can generally be classified by material into nylon, carbon fiber, and wooden propellers.
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The flight control system on the flight control board acts like the autopilot of the drone, maintaining the drone’s attitude stability while receiving control commands from ground personnel via the remote control to control the drone’s flight.
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◆ The drone mainly consists of five parts: 1 quadcopter frame (referred to as the frame), 4 brushless motors, 4 electronic speed controllers (ESC), 2 pairs of propellers (also known as blades), and 1 quadcopter flight control board (referred to as the flight control board). In addition, there are supporting devices such as a battery, remote control, and charger.
Written by Heilongjiang Province Robotics Sports Association
