The GNU Manifesto
https://dpya.org/en/images/8/81/The_GNU_Manifesto_-_GNU_Project_-_Free_Software_Foundation.pdf
https://www.gnu.org/gnu/manifesto.en.html
Linux VS Windows
| Comparison | Windows | Linux |
|---|---|---|
| Interface | The interface is unified, and the shell program fixes all Windows program menus to be almost identical, with similar shortcut keys. | The graphical interface style varies by distribution and may be incompatible. The terminal of GNU/Linux is inherited from UNIX, and the basic commands and operations are almost identical. |
| Drivers | Drivers are abundant and frequently updated. The default installation usually includes popular hardware drivers at the time of the version release, while new hardware drivers depend on the hardware vendors. For some older hardware, it can be difficult to support if the original drivers are no longer available. Additionally, sometimes hardware vendors do not provide the required version of drivers for Windows, which can be quite troublesome. | Developed by volunteers and released by the Linux core development team, many hardware vendors do not provide drivers due to copyright considerations. Although most do not require manual installation, the installation process can be relatively complex, leaving new users confused about driver issues (existence and installation methods). However, under the open-source development model, many older hardware that is difficult to support under Windows can easily find drivers. Hardware vendors like HP, Intel, and AMD are gradually providing varying degrees of support for open-source drivers, alleviating the problem. |
| Usage | Relatively simple to use and easy to get started. The graphical interface is very beneficial for users without a computer background. | The graphical interface is simple to use and easy to get started. The text interface requires learning to master. |
| Learning | The system structure is complex, changes frequently, and knowledge and skills become obsolete quickly, making in-depth learning difficult. | The system structure is simple and stable, with good knowledge and skill inheritance, making in-depth learning relatively easy. |
| Software | Each specific function may require commercial software support, necessitating the purchase of corresponding licenses. | Most software can be freely obtained, but there are fewer choices for software with similar functions. |
Now, you can try it:https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html
I am introducing the CentOS series here, so you can visit:https://www.centos.org/
Introduction to CentOS Versions
CentOS-7.0-x86_64-DVD-1503-01.iso: Standard installation version, generally recommended to download this one.
CentOS-7.0-x86_64-NetInstall-1503-01.iso: Network installation image (for network installation or rescue system).
CentOS-7.0-x86_64-Everything-1503-01.iso: Complements the full version installation disk software, integrating all software (contains a complete set of software packages for centos7, can be used to install the system or fill the local image).
CentOS-7.0-x86_64-GnomeLive-1503-01.iso: GNOME desktop version.
CentOS-7.0-x86_64-KdeLive-1503-01.iso: KDE desktop version.
CentOS-7.0-x86_64-livecd-1503-01.iso: A system that runs from a CD, similar to winpe.
CentOS-7.0-x86_64-minimal-1503-01.iso: Minimal version with the least software included.
Domestic Open Source Mirror Sites
NetEase Open Source Mirror Site:http://mirrors.163.com/
Aliyun Open Source Mirror Site:http://mirrors.aliyun.com/
Huawei Cloud:https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/
(Really no North China Electric Power University
)
Tsinghua University:
http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv4+IPv6)
http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv6 only, our campus network is IPv6)
http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv4 only)
Huazhong University of Science and Technology Open Source Mirror Site:http://mirror.hust.edu.cn/
Recommended Other Linux Versions
1. Debian Linux (Ubuntu Linux)
2. SUSE Linux
3. Slackware Linux
4. Gentoo Linux
5. LFS
If you are a trendy person, you can check the popular direction marker: https://distrowatch.com/
As of 2019-5-9
Linux Issues
Not all good hardware can be used smoothly; it may not be listed in the HCL. Although many hardware have drivers, they are often written by hobbyists without the design, discussion, and planning process that manufacturers follow, but they can still be used.
Concepts of Linux
1. Physical Console: Hardware display and keyboard used for interacting with the system.
2. Virtual Console: Multiple logical consoles (F1~F6).
3. Terminal: Provides display for output and keyboard interface for shell session input.
4. Shell Command: Command interpreter.
1) Shell Composition: [command] [option] [parameter]
5. GNOME Interface (GNU Network Object Environment): Developed based on GTK.
6. KDE Interface: Developed based on Qt.
7. Help Document: <F1> $>yelp
8. Notification Tray: <Super-m>
Linux Operations
< C-a >: jump to start
< C-e >: jump to end
< C-u >: cut all of the characters before the cursor
< C-k >: cut all of the characters behind the cursor
< C-<- >: jump to the last word
< C–> >: jump to the next word
< C-d >: exit
< C -Y >: paste the content which is <C-u> or <C-k>
This article is a summary of my experiences during self-study. If you have suggestions or opinions, please leave a message at the end. Thank you.