Implementing a Student Management System in C++
In this article, we will learn how to write a simple student management system using C++. This system can help us manage basic information about students, including their names, student IDs, and grades. Through this example, we will understand the basic concepts of object-oriented programming and master some core concepts of C++.
1. System Functional Requirements
Our student management system needs to implement the following basic functions:
- Add a student
- View all student information
- Find a student’s information by student ID
- Delete a student’s information
2. Program Structure Design
To facilitate management, we first design a <span>Student</span> class to represent each student’s information:
class Student {public: string name; // Name int id; // Student ID float score; // Score Student(string _name, int _id, float _score) : name(_name), id(_id), score(_score) {}};Then, we need a <span>StudentManager</span> class to manage multiple <span>Student</span> objects:
class StudentManager {private: vector<Student> students; // Store all student informationpublic: void addStudent(const string& name, int id, float score); void viewStudents() const; void findStudent(int id) const; void deleteStudent(int id);};3. Function Implementation
Below are the specific implementations of each functional function.
Add New Student
void StudentManager::addStudent(const string& name, int id, float score) { students.push_back(Student(name, id, score));}View All Student Information
void StudentManager::viewStudents() const { for (const auto& student : students) { cout << "Name: " << student.name << ", ID: " << student.id << ", Score: " << student.score << endl; }}Find Specific Student Information by ID
void StudentManager::findStudent(int id) const { for (const auto& student : students) { if (student.id == id) { cout << "Found -> Name: " << student.name << ", ID: " << student.id << ", Score: " << student.score << endl; return; } } cout << "No student found with ID: " << id << endl;}Delete Specific Student Information by ID
void StudentManager::deleteStudent(int id) { auto it = remove_if(students.begin(), students.end(), [id](const Student& s){ return s.id == id; }); if(it != students.end()) { cout << "Deleted -> Name:" << (it->name) << ", ID:" << it->id << endl; students.erase(it); } else { cout << "No student found with ID:" << id << endl; }}4. Main Program Entry and Menu Interaction Logic
Finally, in the <span>main</span> function, we create a menu where users can select different operations.
int main() { StudentManager manager; while(true){ cout<<"1. Add a new student\n"; cout<<"2. View all students\n"; cout<<"3. Find a student by ID\n"; cout<<"4. Delete a student by ID\n"; cout<<"5. Exit\n"; int choice; cin >> choice; switch(choice){ case 1:{ string name; int id; float score; cout<<"Enter Name:"; cin >> name; cout<<"Enter ID:"; cin >> id; cout<<"Enter Score:"; cin >> score; manager.addStudent(name,id,score); } break; case 2: manager.viewStudents(); break; case 3:{ int idToFind; cout <<"Enter the student's ID to find:"; cin>>idToFind; manager.findStudent(idToFind); } break; case 4:{ int deleteId ; cout<<"Enter the student's ID to delete:"; cin >> deleteId ; manager.deleteStudent(deleteId); }break ; case 5 : exit(0); break ; default : cout <<" Invalid option. Please try again!"; } } return 0;}Complete Code Example
Below is the complete code example, which combines the above code segments to form a complete program:
#include <iostream>#include <vector>#include <algorithm>using namespace std;// Student class definition, used to store individual student information.class Student {public: string name; int id; float score; // Constructor to initialize member variables. Student(string _name, int _id, float _score): name(_name), id(_id), score(_score){}// Student management class definition, used for various operations.class StudentManager{private: vector<Student> students;public: void addStudent(const string& name, int id, float score); void viewStudents() const; void findStudent(int id) const; void deleteStudent(int id);};void StudentManager::addStudent(const string& name, int id, float score) { students.push_back(Student(name, id, score));}void StudentManager::viewStudents() const { for(const auto& student : students) { cout<<"Name:"<< student.name<<" -> ID:"<< student.id<<" -> Score:"<< student.score<<endl; }}void StudentManager::findStudent(int id) const { for(const auto& student : students) { if(student.id == id) { cout<<"Found -> Name:"<< student.name<<" -> ID:"<< student.id<<" -> Score:"<< student.score<<endl; return; } } cout<<"No student found with ID:"<< id<<endl;}void StudentManager::deleteStudent(int id) { auto it = remove_if(students.begin(), students.end(), [id](const Student& s){ return s.id == id; }); if(it != students.end()) { cout<<"Deleted -> Name:"<<(it->name)<<" -> ID:"<<it->id<<endl; students.erase(it); } else { cout<<"No student found with ID:"<<id<<endl; } }int main() { StudentManager manager; while(true){ cout<<"1. Add a new student\n"; cout<<"2. View all students\n"; cout<<"3. Find a student by ID\n"; cout<<"4. Delete a student by ID\n"; cout<<"5. Exit\n"; int choice; cin >> choice; switch(choice){ case 1:{ string name; int id; float score; cout<<"Enter Name:"; cin >> name; cout<<"Enter ID:"; cin >> id; cout<<"Enter Score:"; cin >> score; manager.addStudent(name,id,score); } break; case 2: manager.viewStudents(); break; case 3:{ int idToFind; cout<<"Enter the student's ID to find:"; cin>>idToFind; manager.findStudent(idToFind); } break; case 4:{ int deleteId ; cout<<"Enter the student's ID to delete:"; cin >> deleteId ; manager.deleteStudent(deleteId); }break ; case 5 : exit(0); break ; default : cout <<" Invalid option. Please try again!"; } } return 0;}