◆Key Point 1: Method to Swap Two Variable Values 1) Using a third variable (the easiest method) 2) Using addition and subtraction to swap values (commonly used in interviews **) The code is as follows: b = a – b; a = a – b; b = a + b; 3) Using bitwise XOR to … Read more
The most common errors related to pointers and memory management are dangling pointers. Sometimes, programmers fail to initialize pointers with a valid address, and such uninitialized pointers are called dangling pointers in C language. Dangling pointers occur when an object is destroyed, and the pointer’s value is not modified when the object is deleted or … Read more
Pointers in C language are variables that store the address of another variable. This variable can be an int, char, array, function, or any other pointer type. The size of a pointer depends on the computer architecture. However, in a 32-bit computer architecture, the size of a pointer is 2 bytes. Consider the following example … Read more
Click on “Beginner Learning Visuals” above to choose to add “Star” or “Top“ Essential knowledge delivered promptly. Editor’s Recommendation Pointers are crucial in C. To fully understand pointers, one must not only be proficient in C but also have fundamental knowledge of computer hardware and operating systems. Reprinted from丨Embedded Intelligence Bureau Why Do We Need … Read more
Word Count: 6000 Content Quality Index: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Abstract: Have you ever wondered where the functions and variables you write in Keil for microcontrollers end up? We often talk about the five areas of memory, but what exactly are those five areas? Where are they located on the chip? And why is it that after learning … Read more
Article Length: 4600 Content Quality Index: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Memory Operations in C Language Embedded System Programming In embedded system programming, it is often required to read and write content in specific memory units. Assembly language has the corresponding MOV instruction, while other programming languages, except C/C++, generally do not have the capability to directly access absolute … Read more
Review of Basic Concepts of References A reference is essentially an alias for an existing variable. When we create a reference, we are essentially giving another name to a variable, and both point to the same memory address. For example: int num = 10; int& ref = num; Here, ref is a reference to num. … Read more
Pointer Operations Pointer operations give it powerful functionality. In addition to the dereference operation (*) and the address-of operation (&), pointers also support some arithmetic operations. For example, pointers can perform addition and subtraction, but it is important to note that pointer addition and subtraction are not simple numerical addition or subtraction; they are based … Read more
C++ memory management is a core topic in programming, involving complex concepts such as pointers, dynamic memory allocation, memory leaks, and memory fragmentation. C++ provides the ability to manipulate memory directly, which brings flexibility but also comes with higher complexity and the risk of errors. To aid in understanding C++ memory management, we will explore … Read more
Hello everyone! Today we are going to talk about a particularly practical and interesting topic—function pointers and callback mechanisms. In C++, function pointers are a tool that makes your code more flexible, allowing you to dynamically choose which function to execute at runtime. The callback mechanism is a classic application of function pointers, widely used … Read more