MQTT protocol is a simple transmission protocol for information data in the Internet of Things world, the full name of the protocol is Message Queuing Telemetry Transport. It is a message transmission protocol based on client-server and publish-subscribe model (Message Queue Telemetry Transport), and is an OASIS standard. The MQTT protocol always uses a Broker (proxy server) for communication between devices, which receives messages from sensors and other devices and forwards them to interested devices, such as control units. When a sensor sends data to the Broker, it is called “publishing”. If that device needs data, it must subscribe to the Broker’s information (“subscribing”). When new data arrives from the publisher, the Broker then passes the data to all subscribers.

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If the MQTT Broker is to store and distribute MQTT messages in a closed device network, all four Ethernet connections in the same IP subnet can be used. In “Switch” operation mode, the MQTT Broker can be accessed via IP address.

The “Firewall” operation mode supports MQTT communication between two different networks, such as a device network and a higher-level corporate network. This also enables a secure connection to the cloud. In this operation mode, the left and right Ethernet ports are located in different IP subnets, each with its own IP address. It is important to note that only MQTT protocol content is exchanged between the two networks through the MQTT Broker proxy server, with each network side having its own MQTT Broker, exchanging only message content, and no direct network communication between the two networks. Thus, the MQTT Broker acts as a completely isolated firewall. Based on device security principles, the MQTT Broker serves as a secure pipeline specifically for MQTT message conversion between the two areas.

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