For practical entry into Linux, the first essential knowledge point is the basics of command line operations, which is the core interaction method of the Linux system, covering the following key contents:
🔍 1. Terminal Interface and Basic Command Structure
- Terminal All operations are executed through the terminal, which is the window for inputting commands. It can be opened via a graphical interface or accessed remotely (e.g., via SSH).
- Command Format Commands typically consist of “command word + options + parameters”, for example
<span>ls -l /home</span>.
📂 2. File and Directory Operations (Core Practical Commands)
| Command | Function | Example |
|---|---|---|
<span>pwd</span> |
Displays the current working directory | <span>pwd</span> → Output <span>/home/user</span> |
<span>ls</span> |
Lists directory contents | <span>ls -l</span> → Detailed list display |
<span>cd</span> |
Changes directory | <span>cd /data</span> → Enter the /data directory |
<span>mkdir</span> |
Creates a new directory | <span>mkdir project</span> → Create a new project folder |
<span>touch</span> |
Creates an empty file | <span>touch file.txt</span> |
<span>rm</span> |
Deletes files/directories | <span>rm -r dir</span> → Recursively delete the directory |
💡 3. Efficiency Tips (Essential for Beginners)
- TAB Completion: Pressing the
<span>TAB</span>key while entering commands or paths automatically completes them, reducing input errors1. - Command History: Pressing the
<span>↑</span>/<span>↓</span>keys quickly recalls previously executed commands. - Wildcards
<span>*</span>: Matches multiple files, for example<span>rm *.log</span>deletes all log files.
📌 4. Path Concepts (Basic Operations)
- Absolute Path: Starts from the root directory
<span>/</span><span> (e.g., </span><code><span>/home/user/file</span>). - Relative Path: Starts from the current directory (e.g.,
<span>cd ../downloads</span>).
💡 Why is this the first knowledge point? Subsequent operations such as Linux system management, software installation, and service configuration all rely on the basics of the command line. The graphical interface is not essential, but the command line is a universal skill for operations and development, and it is the starting point for understanding the logic of the Linux system.