In C++, strings are objects of the std::string class, representing sequences of characters. We can perform many operations on strings, such as concatenation, comparison, conversion, etc.
C++ String Example
Let’s look at a simple example of a C++ string.
#include <iostream>using namespace std;
int main() { string s1 = "Hello"; char ch[] = { 'C', '+', '+' }; string s2 = string(ch); cout << s1 << endl; cout << s2 << endl; return 0;}Output:
Hello
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C++ String Comparison Example
Let’s look at a simple example of comparing strings using the strcmp() function.
#include <iostream>#include <cstring>using namespace std;
int main() { char key[] = "mango"; char buffer[50]; do { cout << "What is my favorite fruit? "; cin >> buffer; } while (strcmp(key, buffer) != 0); cout << "Answer is correct!!" << endl; return 0;}Output:
What is my favorite fruit? apple
What is my favorite fruit? banana
What is my favorite fruit? mango
Answer is correct!!C++ String Concatenation Example
Let’s look at a simple example of concatenating strings using the strcat() function.
#include <iostream>#include <cstring>using namespace std;
int main() { char key[25], buffer[25]; cout << "Enter the key string: "; cin.getline(key, 25); cout << "Enter the buffer string: "; cin.getline(buffer, 25); strcat(key, buffer); cout << "Key = " << key << endl; cout << "Buffer = " << buffer << endl; return 0;}Output:
Enter the key string: Welcome to
Enter the buffer string: C++ Programming.
Key = Welcome to C++ Programming.
Buffer = C++ Programming.C++ String Copy Example
Let’s look at a simple example of copying strings using the strcpy() function.
#include <iostream>#include <cstring>using namespace std;
int main() { char key[25], buffer[25]; cout << "Enter the key string: "; cin.getline(key, 25); strcpy(buffer, key); cout << "Key = " << key << endl; cout << "Buffer = " << buffer << endl; return 0;}Output:
Enter the key string: C++ Tutorial
Key = C++ Tutorial
Buffer = C++ TutorialC++ String Length Example
Let’s look at a simple example of calculating string length using the strlen() function.
#include <iostream>#include <cstring>using namespace std;
int main() { char ary[] = "Welcome to C++ Programming"; cout << "Length of String = " << strlen(ary) << endl; return 0;}Output:
Length of String = 26C++ String Functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| int compare(const string& str) | Used to compare two string objects. |
| int length() | Used to find the length of a string. |
| void swap(string& str) | Used to swap the values of two string objects. |
| string substr(int pos,int n) | Creates a new string object containing n characters. |
| int size() void resize(int n) | Used to adjust the length of the string to n characters. |
| string& replace(int pos,int len,string& str) | Replaces a portion of the string starting from position pos and spanning len characters with str. |
| string& append(const string& str) | Adds new characters to the end of another string object. |
| char& at(int pos) | Used to access a single character at the specified position pos. |
| int find(string& str,int pos,int n) | Used to find the string specified in the parameters. |
| int find_first_of(string& str,int pos,int n) | Used to find the first occurrence of the specified sequence. |
| int find_first_not_of(string& str,int pos,int n) | Used to search for the first character that does not match any character specified in the string. |
| int find_last_of(string& str,int pos,int n) | Used to search for the last character of the specified sequence. |
| int find_last_not_of(string& str,int pos) | Used to find the last character that does not match the specified sequence. |
| string& insert() | Inserts new characters before the specified position pos. |
| int max_size() | Finds the maximum length of the string. |
| void push_back(char ch) | Adds a new character to the end of the string. |
| void pop_back() | Deletes the last character of the string. |
| string& assign() | Assigns a new value to the string. |
| int copy(string& str) | Copies the contents of the string to another string. |
| char& back() | Returns a reference to the last character. |
| Iterator begin() | Returns a reference to the first character. |
| int capacity() | Returns the allocated space of the string. |
| const_iterator cbegin() | Points to the first element of the string. |
| const_iterator cend() | Points to the last element of the string. |
| void clear() | Removes all elements from the string. |
| const_reverse_iterator crbegin() | Points to the last character of the string. |
| const_char* data() | Copies the characters of the string to an array. |
| bool empty() | Checks if the string is empty. |
| string& erase() | Deletes the specified character. |
| char& front() | Returns a reference to the first character. |
| string& operator+=() | Adds a new character to the end of the string. |
| string& operator=() | Assigns a new value to the string. |
| char operator | Retrieves the character at the specified position pos. |
| int rfind() | Finds the last occurrence of the string. |
| iterator end() | References the last character of the string. |
| reverse_iterator rend() | Points to the first character of the string. |
| void shrink_to_fit() | Reduces the allocated space to equal the size of the string. |
| char* c_str() | Returns a pointer to an array containing a null-terminated sequence of characters. |
| const_reverse_iterator crend() | References the first character of the string. |
| reverse_iterator rbegin() | References the last character of the string. |
| void reserve(int len) | Requests a change in capacity. |
| allocator_type get_allocator(); x | Returns the allocated object associated with the string. |
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