Knowledge Sharing: The Evolution of Suffixes
1. -ble Tool Suffix, capable of, suitable for…
<PIE *dhlo
Phonetic Change Process:
-ble<-fle (fricative > glottal fricative)<-sle<-thle<-dhle
e.g. cable 电缆, reliable
From Middle English, borrowed from Old French -able, from Latin -ābilis, from -a- or -i- -bilis (“capable or worthy of being acted upon”), from Proto-Indo-European i-stem form *-dʰli- of *-dʰlom (“instrumental suffix”).
2. -ize Verb Suffix, to make….
Added to noun stems to convert nouns into verbs
Phonetic Change Process:
-ize<-izein (-ein Greek verb infinitive)<PIE *-id-yo (-id adjective, -yo causative verb suffix)
-ize or -ise suff.
1.
a. To cause to be or to become: dramatize.
b. To cause to conform to or resemble: Hellenize.
c. To treat as: idolize.
2.
a. To treat or affect with: anesthetize.
b. To subject to: tyrannize.
3. To treat according to or practice the method of: pasteurize.
4. To become; become like: materialize.
5. To perform, engage in, or produce: botanize.
[Middle English -isen, from Old French -iser, from Late Latin -izāre, from Greek -izein, v. suff.]
3. -ist Noun Suffix, indicating a person skilled in a specific field
Phonetic Change Process:
-ist<PIE *-yos-to (-yos comparative, indicating degree; -to past participle)
e.g. biologist 生物学家, artist 艺术家
-ist suff.
1. a. One that performs a specified action: lobbyist.
b. One that produces, makes, operates, plays, or is connected with a specified thing: novelist.
2. A specialist in a specified art, science, or skill: biologist.
3. An adherent or advocate of a specified doctrine, theory, or school of thought: anarchist.
4. One that is characterized by a specified trait or quality: romanticist.
[Middle English -iste, from Old French, from Latin -istēs, -ista, from Greek -istēs, agent n. suff.]
4.-osis Greek Noun Suffix, indicating state or condition
<PIE *-ō-ti (t-s phonetic change)
ō (heavy word base, indicating verb) -ti (abstract noun)
a suffix appearing in loanwords from Greek, where it was used to form from verbs abstract nouns of action, process, state, condition, etc.:
e.g. aphesis (apheresis); thesis (thesis, argument)
on the model of Greek borrowings ending in Greek -ōsis, as sklērōsis (sclerosis), derived origin, originally from verbs ending in the formative -o- (-ō- in noun, nominal derivatives), with the suffix -sis -sis
hypnosis n. hypnotic state;催眠, chlorosis (chlorosis),
tuberculosis (tuberculosis) < tuber ([bot] tuber; [anatomy] bulge)-cul (-cle small)-osis state
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