Principles and Applications of Internet of Things Technology

After establishing a complete organizational structure, the organization must have networking technology (Internet of Things, referred to as IoT), which collects information such as sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, and location in real-time through various information sensors, RFID technology, positioning systems, infrared sensors, laser scanners, and other devices and technologies. This achieves ubiquitous connections between objects and people, realizing intelligent perception, identification, and management of objects and processes.

The prospects for the development of IoT applications are becoming broader with the continuous maturity and popularization of IoT technology. With the rapid development of software and hardware technology, 5G, IPv6, edge computing, and AI have gradually become mature technologies. The organic integration of new technologies and IoT has produced a “1+1 greater than 2” effect.

Principles and Applications of Internet of Things Technology

(1) 5G + IoT

Utilizing the high speed, low latency, and large connection characteristics of 5G technology, IoT can be widely deployed in indoor and outdoor applications. Through secure connections and identity verification, IoT terminals can be quickly deployed into the network topology, meeting high scalability requirements.

(2) IPv6 Technology

As the next-generation IP technology, IPv6 not only solves the shortage of IPv4 addresses but also features high security, low overhead, and bandwidth-saving, better supporting the development of IoT. It is estimated that by the end of 2025, the number of IPv6 users will reach 800 million, and the number of IoT IPv6 connections will reach 400 million. IPv6 technology is an important booster for the rapid development of IoT.

(3) Artificial Intelligence Technology

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can make similar “human” thinking and provide answers for human reference and analysis through neural networks. The integration of 5G, AI, and IoT will form an intelligent network that promotes technological development and provides assistance for our ways of life and work.

(4) Edge Computing Technology

Edge computing refers to deploying networks, computing resources, storage resources, and AI analysis systems closer to the data source to provide intelligent interconnect services nearby, reducing transmission latency and network bandwidth. With the arrival of the IoT era, there are increasingly more edge devices and larger computing loads, and applications like autonomous driving have high requirements for latency and reliability.

Application Scenarios of IoT

(1) Natural Disasters

Common natural disasters include droughts, floods, earthquakes, forest fire risks, mudslides, etc. By utilizing IoT technology, AI, and 5G technology, various IoT monitoring sensors can be deployed in disaster-prone areas to collect various data in real-time. The data is transmitted to the backend processing system through 5G technology. Using big data mining and AI technology, real-time data is converted and analyzed against historical data and various disaster models to derive alarm thresholds. When a disaster occurs, an alarm is generated immediately, notifying relevant parties to take timely control and rescue actions.

(2) Smart Transportation

Smart transportation integrates IoT, 5G technology, AI technology, edge computing, and other technologies into the traffic management system, effectively combining pedestrians, vehicles, and road networks to improve the traffic environment, enhance road network utilization efficiency, and alleviate traffic congestion. Application scenarios of smart transportation include: smart buses, shared bicycles, vehicle networking, charging piles, smart traffic lights, and ETC non-stop toll collection. For example, the smart bus system deploys IoT terminals on city streets, bridges, intersections, traffic lights, and toll stations, equipping each bus with IoT terminals and 5G terminals. The command and dispatch center obtains real-time information on bus routes, road conditions, traffic light status, vehicle conditions, etc., processes it, and sends the data to relevant bus stations. Citizens can view the location of each bus on the entire operating route through bus station display screens or mini-programs, improving travel.

(3) Smart Living

With the continuous integration of IoT and 5G technology, smart water meters, electricity meters, and gas meters have entered the IoT era. By integrating signal acquisition systems, network communication systems, control systems, etc. into smart meters, users can not only query and pay online but also remotely control valves to avoid losses of life and property caused by leaks or failures. At the same time, relevant companies in water supply, electricity supply, and gas supply have saved operating costs and reduced meter reading costs, achieving platform-based and integrated operation of various pipelines.

(4) Smart Logistics

Smart logistics utilizes barcodes, sensors, positioning systems, and other IoT technologies to achieve real-time feedback of information in packaging, transportation, warehousing, and distribution. Ordinary users can use mobile phone apps to query real-time information about the location, quantity, and status of goods. Manufacturers, warehousing, and transportation companies can optimize the logistics chain for raw material procurement, semi-finished product transportation, and finished product delivery to user terminals, and improve processes, enhance service quality, and reduce logistics and warehousing costs. Vehicle positioning and barcode scanning, as important basic application services, can provide real-time accurate vehicle positioning, cargo tracking, SMS notifications, road network selection, dispatch management, statistical reports, and other services for enterprises and users, facilitating transportation logistics companies to reduce operating costs, improve vehicle dispatch capabilities, shorten logistics time, and enhance transportation efficiency.

(5) Smart Agriculture

With the in-depth promotion of IoT technology in the digital field, IoT has also shown great potential in agriculture. For example, drone seeding and spraying, automatic irrigation, and unmanned harvesters not only improve planting efficiency and quality but also reduce labor costs.

(6) Smart Ports

In large areas such as ports, IoT also plays a role as a “smart touchpoint”. China’s largest “unmanned port” uses various digital technologies to build an automated unmanned terminal intelligent control system based on IoT. Automated guided vehicles, unmanned rail cranes, etc., not only simplify the container transportation process but also automatically collect container information, monitor real-time data and status of the port, greatly improving the port’s throughput.

With breakthroughs in new technologies such as 5G, IPv6, and AI, China has gradually mastered the core technologies of IoT. IoT technology has been widely applied in digital city construction, with various application scenarios in fields such as natural disasters, smart logistics, smart transportation, and smart agriculture, bringing convenience to people’s lives.

Principles and Applications of Internet of Things Technology

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