Httpx: A Magical Python Library for HTTP Clients!

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Httpx: A Cool New Way to Make HTTP Requests in Python!

HTTP requests have always been a common requirement in Python development, and the traditional requests library has been with us for a long time. But today, I want to introduce you to a more modern and powerful HTTP client library – Httpx. It not only supports synchronous requests but also perfectly supports asynchronous requests, making it the Swiss Army knife of modern Python development!

Getting to Know Httpx: More Powerful than Requests

First, let’s take a look at how to install Httpx, which is very simple:

pip install httpx

The most basic GET request is as easy as drinking water:

import httpx

response = httpx.get('https://www.example.com')
print(response.text)  # Directly print the webpage content
print(response.status_code)  # Get the response status code

Asynchronous Requests: Unleashing Performance Magic

This is the killer feature of Httpx! Check out how cool asynchronous requests are:

import httpx
import asyncio

async def fetch_url(url):
    async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
        response = await client.get(url)
        return response.text

async def main():
    urls = [
        'https://www.example1.com',
        'https://www.example2.com',
        'https://www.example3.com'
    ]
    results = await asyncio.gather(*[fetch_url(url) for url in urls])
    print(results)

asyncio.run(main())

Tip: Asynchronous requests can greatly improve concurrent performance, especially in scenarios where multiple web pages need to be fetched simultaneously!

Powerful Customization Capabilities

Httpx is not just about sending requests; it also supports various customizations:

import httpx

# Set request headers and timeout
client = httpx.Client(
    headers={'User-Agent': 'MyAwesomeScript'},
    timeout=10.0
)

# Support for proxies
proxies = {
    'http://': 'http://localhost:8030',
    'https://': 'http://localhost:8030'
}
client = httpx.Client(proxies=proxies)

Elegant Error Handling

No more worries about network exceptions!

import httpx

try:
    response = httpx.get('https://www.example.com', timeout=3.0)
    response.raise_for_status()  # Automatically raise HTTP errors
except httpx.RequestError as e:
    print(f"Network error: {e}")
except httpx.HTTPStatusError as e:
    print(f"HTTP error: {e}")

Tip: Using raise_for_status() can automatically handle non-200 status code requests.

Practical Tips: Cookie and Session Management

Httpx’s session management is incredibly convenient:

import httpx

with httpx.Client() as client:
    # Automatically manage cookies
    client.post('https://login.example.com/login', data={
        'username': 'user',
        'password': 'pass'
    })
    # Subsequent requests will automatically carry the login state
    response = client.get('https://example.com/dashboard')

Httpx is truly the Swiss Army knife of HTTP requests, perfectly handling both synchronous and asynchronous scenarios! I hope this article helps you open the door to a new world with Httpx~

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